Italy is one of the most renowned wine-producing countries in the world, with a rich history of winemaking that dates back thousands of years. As a result, the country boasts a diverse range of grape varieties and wine styles, and its wine classification system reflects this diversity.
The Italian wine classification system is regulated by the government agency known as the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MIPAAF). This system is divided into four categories: Vino, Vino da Tavola, IGT (Indicazione Geografica Tipica), DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) and DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita).
Vino da Tavola, which means “table wine,” is the most basic category and represents wines that do not meet the requirements of the other categories. These wines are not subject to specific regulations and can be made using grape variety and winemaking techniques.
IGT, or Indicazione Geografica Tipica, is a relatively recent addition to the Italian wine classification system introduced in the 1990s. This category is intended to represent wines typical of a specific geographical area but needs to meet the more stringent requirements of the DOC or DOCG categories. These wines must be made from grapes grown within a specified geographic region and meet specific production standards.
DOC, or Denominazione di Origine Controllata, is a classification for wines typical of a specific region and made using traditional methods. To be classified as a DOC wine, a wine must be made from grapes grown within a specific geographic area and meet a range of other requirements, including the type of grape used, the yield per hectare, the alcohol content, and the ageing requirements. Italy has over 300 DOC wines, including well-known varieties such as Trebbiano d’Abruzzo, Prosecco and Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone.
DOCG, or Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita, is the highest classification for Italian wines and is reserved for wines considered of the highest quality. To be classified as a DOCG wine, a wine must meet all of the requirements of the DOC category and pass a blind tasting by a panel of experts. There are currently only 77 DOCG wines in Italy, including some of the most prestigious wines in the country, such as Barolo, Brunello di Montalcino, and Amarone della Valpolicella.
In conclusion, the Italian wine classification system is complex and diverse, reflecting the country’s rich history of winemaking and its diverse range of grape varieties and wine styles. The Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry regulates the system and includes four main categories and a range of regional classifications. So whether you’re a wine enthusiast or enjoy a good glass of wine, exploring Italy’s diverse range of wines is a journey that will be both enjoyable and educational.
